Can Uterine Fibroids Stop Me from Getting Pregnant?

June is World Infertility Awareness Month, a perfect time to discuss issues that may affect conception or pregnancy.

Researchers estimate that up to 77% of women develop uterine fibroids during their childbearing years. However, many of these women (2/3) never have symptoms.

Others struggle with heavy periods, bleeding between periods, and pelvic pain. Depending on their size and location in the uterus, fibroids can also interfere with conception or cause complications during pregnancy.

At Women’s Specialists of Fayette in Fayetteville and Peachtree City, Georgia, we believe the first step in overcoming challenges that may come with uterine fibroids is understanding them.

Check these facts from our team about the nature of uterine fibroids and how they can impact fertility.

Uterine fibroid basics

Uterine fibroids, also called leiomyomas or myomas, are growths made of muscle and connective tissue.

There are several types of fibroids, including:

Intramural fibroids, which grow within the muscular wall of the uterus
Subserosal fibroids, which grow on the outer surface of the uterus
Submucosal fibroids, which grow into the uterine cavity
Pedunculated fibroids, which are attached to the uterus by a stalk-like structure

Fibroids can vary in size, shape, and number. Some are as small as a seed, while others can grow large, changing the shape of the uterus.

So, can fibroids stop me from getting pregnant?

In some cases, fibroids can make it more difficult to become pregnant. They may interfere with conception by changing the shape of the uterus, blocking the fallopian tubes, or affecting blood flow to the uterine lining.

Submucosal fibroids are the most likely to affect fertility because they grow inside the uterine cavity, where embryo implantation occurs.

Problematic fibroids may also increase the risk of:

Miscarriage
Preterm labor
Breech positioning during pregnancy
Cesarean delivery

However, many women with fibroids experience no fertility problems at all. Some women only discover they have fibroids during a routine pelvic exam or ultrasound.

When should you see an OB/GYN for fibroids?

At Women’s Specialists of Fayette, we encourage anyone experiencing symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, painful periods, or frequent urination to schedule an evaluation.

In the case of infertility, if you have been trying to conceive for six months to one year without success, it may be time to schedule an evaluation. We also recommend you come in for a preconception visit, especially if you have a known history of fibroids.

Your provider may recommend imaging tests such as:

Pelvic ultrasound
MRI imaging
Hysteroscopy
Sonohysterography

These tests help determine the size, number, and location of fibroids, as well as whether they may be affecting fertility.

Treatment options for fibroids

Treatment depends on your symptoms, reproductive goals, and the size and location of the fibroids. Some women may only need monitoring if the fibroids are not causing significant issues.

For women trying to conceive, treatment options may include:

Medication

Certain medications can help manage symptoms such as heavy bleeding or pelvic discomfort. However, medications do not permanently remove fibroids and are not always recommended for women actively trying to get pregnant.

Myomectomy

A myomectomy is a surgical procedure used to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus. This treatment is often preferred for women who wish to maintain fertility.

Depending on the fibroids, we may perform the procedure through hysteroscopy, laparoscopically, or open surgery.

We also specialize in Acessa Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation (Lap-RFA) for uterine fibroids. Lap-RFA is a minimally invasive procedure that shrinks and destroys fibroid tissue. Recovery time is typically 4-5 days.

Pregnancy after fibroid treatment

Removing fibroids that distort the uterine cavity can improve fertility outcomes for many patients. We discuss recovery time and recommendations for trying to conceive after your treatment, as timing varies depending on the procedure performed.

Your provider can help you develop a personalized fertility and pregnancy plan based on your medical history and treatment goals.